Tabriz is one of the major cities in Iran and the capital of the East Azarbaijan province. It is the largest city in the northwestern region of the country, and is the administrative, communication, commercial, political, industrial, cultural and military area of ​​the region. According to the latest census of the Iranian Statistics Center in 2011, the city of Tabriz with a population of 1494998 is the fourth most populous city of Iran after the cities of Tehran, Mashhad and Isfahan. The city is the second largest contaminated city, as well as the second industrial city of the country after Tehran, due to the location of many large industrial and industrial mothers, as well as the existence of more than 600 joint-stock companies, and is one of the most important cities in Iran. . After using the Nabakram freeway, Tabriz increased its passenger capacity and became the second most populous city in the country after Mashhad. In order to eliminate one single from Tabriz, the city is known as a city without beggars.

The city of Tabriz is located in the west of East Azarbaijan province and in the eastern and southeast of the Tabriz plain. The city is bounded to the north by the Phetchin mountains and Aoun bin Ali, from the north east to the Bababaghi ​​and Goshen mountains, from the east to the end of the hill, and from the south to the slopes of Mount Sahand. Tabriz’s climate is very cold in the winter and it is dry and hot in summer, although heat is moderated due to its proximity to Sahand Mountain and the presence of many gardens around the city.
Tabriz’s name has been recorded in books and historical documents under various names such as “Torres”, “Touraj”, “Tabriz” and “Tori”. The city has been destroyed and rebuilt many times throughout history. The Tabriz building dates back to the Parthian and Sasanian periods; however, at the beginning of the Islamic era, there was no small village. The city flourished during the rule of the four hundred year-olds of the “Judaism” and the settlement of the Arab tribe “Azde”. The peak of Tabriz’s flourishing was at the time of the Ilkhanah, at this time, the city was the capital of a vast territory from Nile to Central Asia. The city of Tabriz has witnessed numerous events in the past few centuries, such as occupation by foreigners and deadly earthquakes. The capital city of Aghqyunlu and Qaraqoyunlu was the first capital of the Safavid rule and initiated a constitutional revolution against the tyranny of Mohammad Ali Shah.

Tabriz Background:

The association of Tabriz with a group of cities and castles simultaneously with the Medieval period has been widely disputed by scholars. A number of researchers believe that the Taroi-Tarmax castle, named after the Sargen II inscription, the Assassin of Assyria between 705 and 721 BC, is located in the current city of Tabriz. The castle, based on the Sargent insignia, was the site of storing the horses of the Oraruto riders that were destroyed in the assault by the Assyrians.
The current city of Tabriz is built on the ruins of the city of Touraj (Barahs). Toureh is one of the most important trading centers in the region, and it is important as a bridge between East and West. This city was the capital of the region during the time of the sovereigns of Ashkanbat, Armenia. Although Vladimir Minorsky dismisses this theory in the Encyclopedia of Islam, this story tells the story of the overthrow of the sovereign Archean’s king Ardashir Babakan (the founder of the Sasanian dynasty) in retaliation for the death of Ardavan (the last monarch of Parsian), which has made the city the capital of Armenia. It is not based on the writings of the Armenian historian in the fourteenth century – in ancient sources, this is not mentioned, and this is a folk radical narrative.
In the history of Iran (published by the University of Cambridge), the city of Tabriz was founded in the early Sassanid period (three or fourteenth centuries), or it was most likely to occur in the seventh century.
From the conquest of Azerbaijan by the Arabs to the Ilkhanas
At the time of the conquest of Azerbaijan by the Arabs in the 22nd century AH, as noted in the book of the Holy Spirit, the attention of the Arab Corps was more than the city of Ardabil, and even the name of Tabriz in the list of cities where Persian border guards had been recruited. It is as if Tabriz, as referred to by the Byzantine fascist, was destroyed in the fourth century, and during the Arab invasion there was no small crawler.
After the conquest of Azerbaijan, a group of Arabs settled in Azerbaijan. At the time of the caliphate, Mansour Abbasi (136158), and about 137 AH, a man named “Vida” from the tribe “Azde” from the famous Yemen tribes in Tabriz, and his sons started building the city’s first wall. According to Yaqut Hamavi, Tabriz was a kind of village until it became clear during the time of Mu’tokul Abbasid. After his visit, his son, Wajna, built his palaces with his brothers and dragged the walls around the city. Then people came to that city. Writers such as Ibn Khardataba, Blazeri and Tabari have named Tabriz among the small Azerbaijani towns. While Moghaddasi admires the city, his contemporary Ibn Hawkil (about 367 AH) sees Tabriz more than most of the small Azerbaijani towns. This city expanded from the first half of the 3rd century AH and its significance in the Azerbaijani region was so large that Motawokel Abbasi issued the decree on the reconstruction of the city immediately after the devastating earthquake of Tabriz in 244 AH. Tabriz, which had been expanding and rebuilding during the reign of Abu Mansour Wahsudan Wadi, was again severely damaged by the earthquake of 434 AH. As Nasser Khosrow, who visited the city in 438 AH, Tabriz’s area was 1,400 in 1,400 steps, which means that the area of ​​the city does not seem to exceed one square kilometer. The members of the family of the Raudainians until the 446th AH, with some interruptions, were the rulers of Tabriz. In this year, Tugrul Seljuk, Wahsudan became a tribute to his wife. According to Ibn Aitra, Tahrul in the year 450 Hijri set Mamalan ibn Wahsudan to be the ruler of Azerbaijan. Alf Arsalan (successor to Tugril) dismissed 463 consignments from the Azerbaijani government, and nearly four hundred years left the rule of the royal family in this land.
There are not many references to Tabriz in the historical writings of the Seljuk period. In Rawa al-Sadr, Tugril established his marriage ceremony with the Caliph’s daughter near the city. After the death of Sultan Mahmud Ghaznavi (in 525 AH) between David, son of Sultan Mahmud and his brother Massoud, a tension came to take over Tabriz, in which he won victory and established Tabriz as the headquarters of his government. As evidenced by historical evidence, from the time of Ghezel Arsalan (582-587 AH), Tabriz became the capital of Azerbaijan forever.
At the beginning of the seventh century, the Mongols attacked Tabriz twice, but returned with compensation. In the year 627 AH, the Mongols eventually reached all of Azerbaijan, and in particular Tabriz.
From Ilkhan to the Constitutional Movement of the Tabriz Cavalry; from the outstanding literary works of the Ilkhanid era, which was compiled and written by Abolmjd Tabrizi in Tabriz between 721 and 723 AH.
The peak of the flourishing of Tabriz was at the time of the Ilkhanites, when it was the capital of a territory spread from Nile to Central Asia. Tabriz was also the capital of Iran during the Timurids, Qaraqvionlu and early Safavid dynasty. It was captured by Shah Ismael in 1500 AD (906 AH) and became the first Iranian capital in the Safavid period. At that time, about two thirds of the population of 200-300 thousand was Tabriz, and soon severe policies were imposed on Sunnis in Tabriz to impose a Shiite religion. The proximity of this city to the Iranian-Ottoman border caused Tabriz to be vulnerable to the threats of this government, which was repeatedly captured by the Ottomans until the Shah Tahmasb Safavid in 1514 (920 AH) transferred the capital from Tabriz to Qazvin. In the Qajar period, Tabriz was crown prince of this dynasty, and crown princes of the Qajar Dynasty stayed in this city.